COMMUNICATION NETWORK SYSTEM
TCP/IP, the protocol suite used to connect computers on the Internet, comprises many protocols that function at different levels of the network model.
There are network protocols, transport protocols, and application protocols. In fact, the number of protocols is innumerable:
* SMTP: Simple Mail Transport Protocol
* DNS: Domain Name Server
* HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol
* FTP: File Transfer Protocol
* IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol
* ARP: Adress Resulation Protocol
* DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
TCP/IP is actually a suite of protocols that covers all aspects of the commu-
nication process.
TCP ( Transmission Control Protocol ) :-
It's is use for communication over network, Data is broken down into small packets and then sent to destination.
IP ( Internet Protocol ) :- It's work with TCP, also known as Addressing Protocol. IP addresses these packets and show them the route to their destination.
✦ Network interface (layer 1): Deals with all physical components of net-
work connectivity between the network and the IP protocol
✦ Internet (layer 2): Contains all functionality that manages the movement
of data between two network devices over a routed network
✦ Host-to-host (layer 3): Manages the flow of traffic between two hosts
or devices, ensuring that data arrives at the application on the host for
which it is targeted
✦ Application (layer 4): Acts as final endpoints at either end of a commu-
nication session between two network hosts
FTP ( File Transfer Protocol ) :-
It's is basically use for transforming file to different Networks. There are may be mass of files such as text files etc. This way of files transfer is quicker than any others methods.
SMTP ( Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ) :-
Manage the transmission nad outgoing mail over the internet. SMTP is used for sending and receiving e-mails.
HTTP ( Hyper Text Transfer Protocol ) :-
It's is based on client and server model. HTTP is used for making a connection between the web client and web server and show informationin webpages.
ARP ( Address Resulation Protocol ) :-
It's Network protocol used to find out the hardware (MAC) address of a device from an IP address. It's used when a device want to communicate with some other devices on a local network.
DHCP ( Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ) :-
It's is client Server protocol. DHCP assigns an IP address to any device on a Network so they can communicate using IP. The Server running this service is call Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
DNS ( Domain Name Server ) :-
It is the internet's equivalent of a phone book. They maintain a directory of domain name and translate them to IP address.
Why is it necessary to translate them to IP addresses.
This is necessary because although domain name are easy for people to remember, Computers or machines access web based on IP.
When you type in web address as example www.google.com, your internet service provider view the DNS associated with the domain name translate it into machine friendly IP address for example 74.125.224.72 and your internet connection connect with correct website.
SSL ( Secure Shell or Secure Socket Shell ) :-
It is a Network protocol that give system administrators, a secure way to access a computer over an Unsecured network.
Secure shell provide strong authentication and encrypted data communication between two computers connecting over an open network as the internet.
SSL widely used to manage system and applications remotely, allowing to login into another computer over a computer to another.
What should I do to protect myself ?
* Upgrade the openSSL version
* Request and replace the SSL certificate
* Don't re-use old password
* Use two factor authentication
* Use Strong password long as possible with Lower and Upper case latters, Numbers and Symbols.
Web Browser security : -
* Configure browser security and privacy settings
* Keep the browser updated
* Install security extension with cautions
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